Chia seeds: a superfood!
Chia seeds, derived from the plant Salvia hispanica, have gained popularity as a superfood for humans, and are increasingly being considered as an ingredient in canine diets owing to their rich nutritional profile.
Chia seeds are a source of plant-based linoleic acids, which are an important energy source (providing twice as much energy as carbs and protein). Because of their chemical composition, they can also support the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins[1]. With their rich protein content, together with digestibility, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties these seeds are a good option – as usual, in moderation.
Chia seeds can be added to your dog’ s diet as they are (we have white and black seeds available, although there is no significant nutritional difference). They can also be sprouted or used to create a mucilage, the sort of gelatinous substance that results when chia seeds are left to soak. This mucilage is already used as a functional ingredient in bakery products as a more healthy alternative to fat[2] and I’ve already used it (with success) in training treats.
Nutritional Values
Chia seeds are densely packed with essential nutrients, including:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Chia seeds are one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids, primarily alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which support maintenance of a healthy skin and coat. They also help to reduce inflammation and support cognitive functions in dogs (which helps to maintain mental acuity as they age). DHA found in omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic chronic acid) is critical for brain development. These fatty acids also help to maintain heart health and healthy blood pressure levels. Studies have shown that diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation and improve joint health in dogs with arthritis.
Protein
Chia seeds contain approximately 16-18% protein by weight, which includes a wide range of essential amino acids necessary for muscle repair and growth. Our organic white chia seeds contain 21% protein.
Fibre
Chia seeds are high in both soluble and insoluble fibre. Dietary fibre can impact microbiota composition and functionality, improve digestive health, aid in the management of gastrointestinal conditions and weight management and help to regulate bowel movements.
Antioxidants
Chia seeds are a rich source of polyphenols, which contribute to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and health-promoting properties. Polyphenols help to neutralise free radicals, can help reduce inflammation and support cardiovascular health. Especially prevalent in chia seeds are the phenolic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid) and flavonoids (such as quercetin, and kaempferol).
Vitamins and Minerals
These seeds provide a good source of several vitamins and minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and zinc, which are essential for bone health and metabolic functions.
Benefits – Key Takeaways
Immune Support
Chia seeds are rich in antioxidants such as quercetin, kaempferol, and caffeic acid. These compounds help strengthen the immune system by protecting cells from oxidative stress and reducing inflammation. For dogs, this means better resistance against infections and a healthier response to inflammatory conditions, which can often affect their quality of life.
Blood Sugar Regulation
The soluble fibre in chia seeds plays a critical role in modulating blood sugar levels. By forming a gel-like substance in the stomach, chia seeds slow down the digestion of carbohydrates, leading to a gradual release of glucose into the bloodstream. This can be particularly beneficial for dogs with diabetes or those at risk of developing this condition, as it helps maintain steady blood sugar levels and prevents spikes that could be harmful.
Metabolic Health
Chia seeds are a good source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid that has been shown to improve metabolic markers in animals. ALA can help reduce triglyceride levels, enhance lipid profiles, and improve insulin sensitivity, contributing to overall metabolic health. For overweight dogs or those with metabolic disorders, incorporating chia seeds into their diet can be a useful strategy to improve their metabolic function.
Joint Health
The anti-inflammatory properties of the omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols in chia seeds can benefit dogs with joint issues, such as arthritis. By reducing inflammation around the joints, chia seeds can help alleviate pain and improve mobility, making them a beneficial addition for older dogs or breeds prone to joint diseases.
Digestive Health
The high fibre content of chia seeds is excellent for digestive health. Soluble fibre helps to create a more substantial stool and support regular bowel movements, which is crucial for dogs suffering from either constipation or diarrhoea. Additionally, the gel-like substance formed by chia seeds can soothe the gut lining and aid in the healing of digestive tract issues, promoting a healthier gastrointestinal environment.
Cardiovascular Health
Chia seeds contribute to cardiovascular health due to their high content of omega-3 fatty acids and fibre. These nutrients help in reducing cholesterol levels and maintaining healthy blood pressure, thus supporting the heart and circulatory system.
References:
[1] B, Kei & Bakhsh, Allah & Kim, Bosung & Park, Sungkwon. (2023). Perspectives on functional foods for improvement of canine health and treatment of diseases. Journal of Functional Foods. 109. 105744. 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105744.
[2] Michelle Monteiro Lira, Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho, Tainara Leal de Sousa, Nair Mota da Costa, Ailton Cesar Lemes, Sibele Santos Fernandes, Mariana Buranelo Egea, Selected plants producing mucilage: Overview, composition, and their potential as functional ingredients in the development of plant-based foods, Food Research International, Volume 169, 2023, 112822, ISSN 0963-9969, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112822.
Want to know more? These studies may be useful:
- Knez Hrnčič M, Ivanovski M, Cör D, Knez Ž. Chia Seeds (Salvia hispanica L.): An Overview-Phytochemical Profile, Isolation Methods, and Application. Molecules. 2019 Dec 18;25(1):11. doi: 10.3390/molecules25010011. PMID: 31861466; PMCID: PMC6994964.
- Haneet Kaur*, Ankita Singla, Snehdeep Singh, Sandip Shilwant and Ravneet Kaur. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Canine Health: A Review. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.259
Nutritional information:
Chia seeds, per 100g
For full nutrient content see Food Data Central
Important Considerations:
- Always consult your veterinarian before making any significant dietary changes, particularly where there are pre-existing health conditions or dietary restrictions.
- As some commercial foods contain chia seeds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as an ingredient, check the label to see whether it’s in your dog’s food before giving more. Excessive intake of any foods can have adverse effects.
- Ensure (where possible) that you use high-quality, organic products specifically formulated for pets (or better still, human grade ingredients) to avoid any potential adverse effects.
- Introduce new foods gradually to avoid adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset or diarrhoea.
- I provide nutritional information purely as a helpful guide. Nutritional information on ingredients is obtained from the US Department of Agriculture’s FoodData Central site (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/index.html) and any nutritional information provided in recipes is based on an online calculator: calories and other information will vary based on brands, ingredients and other factors.
- Check nutrient levels and recommendations for your dog’s weight, age and activity. For example this nutritional guideline produced by FEDIAF.