Known for their distinctive, slightly bitter flavour, Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) are a member of the cruciferous vegetable family, which includes broccoli, kale, and cauliflower. Sprouts are low in calories and nutrient dense. And as evidence of their power, these little green gems, long prized for their health benefits, can be found in the top 20 most nutritious foods of the ANDI score index!
Brussels sprouts are not just for humans. With their wealth of nutrients, they provide numerous health benefits for dogs when included as part of a balanced and varied diet.
Main Nutrients
Fibre
Brussels sprouts are a great source of dietary soluble and insoluble fibre. Fibre supports a healthy gut microbiome in dogs by providing essential nutrients and promoting beneficial bacterial growth, leading to numerous health benefits, such as better digestion, nutrient absorption and enhanced immune function. Studies have also shown that insoluble fibre can help to regulate blood sugar control.
Antioxidants
Brussels sprouts are a powerhouse of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which work together to protect cells from oxidative damage. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids such as kaempferol, have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, helping to neutralise free radicals and reduce cellular stress. Carotenoids, including beta-carotene, contribute to overall cellular health and support immune function. This rich antioxidant profile helps safeguard dogs from conditions like heart disease and diabetes, reduces inflammation, and promotes overall health.
Sulforaphane
As a cruciferous vegetable, Brussels sprouts are a notable source of sulforaphane, a compound that has attracted attention for its therapeutic potential. Sulforaphane is a powerful antioxidant which helps to protect cells from oxidative damage and supports the body’s natural defence mechanisms. It can also contribute to a healthy gut.
Amino acids
Brussels sprouts provide essential amino acids, including leucine, valine, and isoleucine, which are important for muscle repair, energy production, and overall growth in dogs. These amino acids support metabolic processes and help maintain muscle health.
Main Vitamins
Vitamin K
Brussels sprouts are exceptionally high in vitamin K, which plays a vital role in blood coagulation and wound healing. It’s also important for bone health and recovery from bone injuries. And in addition it has been found to protect against oxidative stress[1].
Vitamin C
Although dogs can synthesise their own Vitamin C, this vitamin in Brussels sprouts can help to reduce inflammation and enhance immune response. Vitamin C is necessary for collagen synthesis for healthy skin, blood vessels and connective tissues.
Vitamin A
Providing beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, Brussels sprouts support vision, immune health, and the maintenance of healthy skin and coat.
B Vitamins
Brussels sprouts contain a range of B vitamins, including folate (B9) and vitamin B6, which are important for energy metabolism, nerve function, and red blood cell formation.
Minerals
Potassium
Potassium is an electrolyte which helps to regulate fluid balance in the body. This can aid in hydration, especially during physical activity. Potassium is essential for maintaining normal muscle function and nerve transmission and contributes to the proper functioning of the heart muscle, supporting cardiovascular health.
Manganese
Although a trace element, manganese is vital for dogs, for skeletal growth and to maintain healthy bones and connective tissues. Manganese is also used to produce energy, make fatty acids and to aid digestion and the absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.
Iron
Brussels sprouts provide a modest amount of iron, which is essential for oxygen transport in the blood and supports energy production and vitality in dogs.
Minerals and Trace Elements: A Breakdown
- Calcium: Supports bone and dental health.
- Magnesium: Crucial for muscle and nerve function as well as energy production.
- Phosphorus: Works with calcium to maintain strong bones and teeth,
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Benefits – Key Takeaways
Immune Support
The combination of vitamin C and antioxidants in Brussels sprouts helps boost immune function in dogs. These nutrients reduce inflammation and enhance the body’s ability to combat infections and diseases.
Gut Health
With their high fibre content, Brussels sprouts support a healthy digestive system by regulating bowel movements and promoting a balanced gut microbiome. The fibre helps prevent constipation and promotes smoother digestion.
Bone Health
Rich in vitamin K, calcium, and manganese, Brussels sprouts contribute to strong and healthy bones. These nutrients are especially beneficial for growing puppies and older dogs at risk of osteoporosis.
Heart Health
The potassium and antioxidants in Brussels sprouts support cardiovascular health by maintaining healthy blood pressure and protecting against oxidative damage to the heart.
Skin and Coat Health
The beta-carotene (vitamin A) and antioxidants in Brussels sprouts help maintain a shiny coat and healthy skin, reducing the risk of dryness or irritation.
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Note:
- I don’t feed my dog raw Brussels sprouts; they are either steamed or cooked in a fish broth (as an ingredient in a topping). Or maybe roasted, without oil of course. Steaming vegetables not only maintains a better texture but also preserves nutrients and physiochemical qualities[2]. And whatever method you choose, remember that cooking for too long can unnecessarily reduce phenolic content[3].
- The sulforaphane in Brussels sprouts is a compound in the group of isothiocyanates (ITCs). Isothiocyanates have been the subject of extensive research for their therapeutic – and preventive – effects. However, they are also responsible for gas and maybe diarrhoea. So feed in moderate amounts as part of a varied diet!
- Last but not least: don’t throw away the outer leaves unless they’re insect-damaged, bruised or very discoloured.
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References:
[1] Li J, Lin JC, Wang H, Peterson J.W, Furie BC, Furie B, Booth SL, Volpe JJ, Rosenberg PA. Novel role of vitamin k in preventing oxidative injury to developing oligodendrocytes and neurons. J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 2;23(13):5816-26. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05816.2003. PMID: 12843286; PMCID: PMC6741273.
[2] Miglio C, Chiavaro E, Visconti A, Fogliano V, Pellegrini N. Effects of different cooking methods on nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of selected vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jan 9;56(1):139-47. doi: 10.1021/jf072304b. Epub 2007 Dec 11. PMID: 18069785.
[3] Hwang ES. Influence of Cooking Methods on Bioactive Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Brussels Sprouts. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2017 Dec;22(4):353-358. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.353. Epub 2017 Dec 31. PMID: 29333389; PMCID: PMC5758100.
Important Considerations:
- Always consult your veterinarian before making any significant dietary changes, particularly where there are pre-existing health conditions or dietary restrictions.
- If you are feeding commercial food, check the label for ingredients before giving more. Excessive intake of any foods can have adverse effects.
- Ensure (where possible) that you use high-quality, organic products specifically formulated for pets (or better still, human grade ingredients) to avoid any potential adverse effects.
- Introduce new foods gradually to avoid adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upset or diarrhoea.
- I provide nutritional information purely as a helpful guide. Nutritional information on ingredients is obtained from the US Department of Agriculture’s FoodData Central site (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/index.html) and any nutritional information provided in recipes is based on an online calculator: calories and other information will vary based on brands, ingredients and other factors.
- Check nutrient levels and recommendations for your dog’s weight, age and activity. For example this nutritional guideline produced by FEDIAF.
- I am not a professional nutritionist. I am sharing recipes that I have created and tested in my kitchen and that have been tasted and approved by our doggy friends.